cpr

CPR /First Aid classes
in Southern California
Cost $39.95 per person

All Payments are final and
non-refundable.
Order Now and reserve your
space, then
bring your receipt to the class,
or send a check made payable
to:
Survival Skills & Co.
P. O. Box 1565
Wrightwood, CA 92397

Class includes certification in
Adult, Child & Infant CPR
/First Aid good for 2 yrs.
This card will meet all
certificated school employee
requirements.

Big Changes In CPR

There are major changes in the 2005 guidelines for lay rescuer CPR Classes. I will try to simplify and highlight all the notable
changes. The new standards are effective immediately. For future classes the new standards must be implemented by instructors
nolater than 1/01/2007

Now all victims, adult, child and Infants will receive 30-2 (compressions to ventilations). If you are alone and must leave
the infant or child in order to call 9-1-1, give about 5 cycles of CPR 30 compressions to 2 Breaths) for 2 minutes before calling 9-1-1.

Do not try to open the airway of an accident victim using the jaw thrust method. Simply use the head tilt, chin lift for all victims.

Take no more than 5-10 seconds to assess breathing.

Take a normal breath before delivering rescue breaths not lasting over 1 second each. Be sure to check for chest rise

No longer do you have to check for pulses on adults after delivering the 2 first breaths, Move immediately to delivering 30 chest
compressions.

No rescue breathing without chest compressions (exceptions for Heart savers Pediatric course.)

For children, use 1 or 2 hands placed at mid-nipple line for compressions, Infants use 2 fingers on breastbone just below nipple line.

If you leave victim alone for any reason , place them in the Recovery Position before you leave. Place their left arm above and along
side their head. Place one of your hands under the victims neck, the other hand at the waist as you roll them onto their left side. This
aides in keeping the tongue off the back of the throat and if the victim vomits, it will drain away from the lungs.

“Push Hard, Push Fast”
Is the new American Heart Association philosophy

It has been over 5 years since any significant changes in CPR classes. The goal of the 2005 changes is to improve one thing, blood
flow during CPR. Breathing is still important, but too many ventilations can actually impede blood flow during CPR. Also the
interruptions during CPR caused by stopping to breathe for the victim reduced blood flow. To give effective compressions we need to
“push hard & fast” at a rate of 100 compressions per minute.

Some shocking numbers show out of hospital survival rates in the U.S. and in Canada averages only 6.4%. Some community lay
rescuer programs reports survival rates as high as 49% to 74% by using early aggressive CPR and AED’s (automatic external
defibrillator's). These programs teach us the importance of organized and planned response and rescuer CPR training.

What do you do if someone is having a heartattack?
Send someone to dial 9-1-1 immediately!

If CPR is started within 4 minutes of collapse and defibrillation provided within 10 minutes a person has a 40% chance of survival.
Right now early CPR and rapid defibrillation combined with early advanced care can result in high long-
term survival rates for witnessed ventricular fibrillation.
CPR doubles a person's chance of survival from sudden cardiac arrest.
CPR provides a trickle of oxygenated blood to the brain and heart and keeps these organs alive until
defibrillation can shock the heart into a normal rhythm.
Learning CPR and First Aid is possible with an afternoon of hands on training. The skills learned in
American Heart Association help save lives everyday, and you can have those skill in order to protect
friends and loved ones.

CPR facts and statistics

About 75 percent to 80 percent of all out-of-hospital cardiac arrests happen at home, so being trained to
perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can mean the difference between life and death for a loved
one.
Effective bystander CPR, provided immediately after cardiac arrest, can double a victim’s chance of
survival.
CPR helps maintain vital blood flow to the heart and brain and increases the amount of time that an electric
shock from a defibrillator can be effective.

Death from sudden cardiac arrest is not inevitable. If more people knew CPR, more lives could be saved.
Brain death starts to occur four to six minutes after someone experiences cardiac arrest if no CPR and
defibrillation occurs during that time.

If bystander CPR is not provided, a sudden cardiac arrest victim’s chances of survival fall 7 percent to 10
percent for every minute of delay until defibrillation. Few attempts at resuscitation are successful if CPR
and defibrillation are not provided within minutes of collapse.

Coronary heart disease accounts for about 450,000 of the 871,517 adults who die as a result of
cardiovascular disease.

Approximately 325,000 of all annual adult coronary heart disease deaths in the U.S. are due to sudden
cardiac arrest, suffered outside the hospital setting and in hospital emergency departments. About 900
Americans die every day due to sudden cardiac arrest.

Sudden cardiac arrest is most often caused by an abnormal heart rhythm called ventricular fibrillation (VF).
Cardiac arrest can also occur after the onset of a heart attack or as a result of electrocution or near-
drowning.
When sudden cardiac arrest occurs, the victim collapses, becomes unresponsive to gentle shaking, stops
normal breathing and after two rescue breaths, still isn’t breathing normally, coughing or moving.

Heart Attack Warning Signs

Some heart attacks are sudden and intense — the "movie heart attack," where no one doubts what's
happening. But most heart attacks start slowly, with mild pain or discomfort. Often people affected aren't
sure what's wrong and wait too long before getting help. Here are signs that can mean a heart attack is
happening:

Chest discomfort. Most heart attacks involve discomfort in the center of the chest that lasts more than a few
minutes, or that goes away and comes back. It can feel like uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness or
pain.
Discomfort in other areas of the upper body. Symptoms can include pain or discomfort in one or both
arms, the back, neck, jaw or stomach.
Shortness of breath. May occur with or without chest discomfort.
Other signs: These may include breaking out in a cold sweat, nausea or lightheadedness
As with men, women's most common heart attack symptom is chest pain or discomfort. But women are
somewhat more likely than men to experience some of the other common symptoms, particularly shortness
of breath, nausea/vomiting, and back or jaw pain.

If you or someone you're with has chest discomfort, especially with one or more of the other signs, don't
wait longer than a few minutes (no more than 5) before calling for help. Call 9-1-1... Get to a hospital right
away.

Calling 9-1-1 is almost always the fastest way to get lifesaving treatment. Emergency medical services
staff can begin treatment when they arrive -- up to an hour sooner than if someone gets to the hospital by
car. The staff are also trained to revive someone whose heart has stopped. Patients with chest pain who
arrive by ambulance usually receive faster treatment at the hospital, too.

If you can't access the emergency medical services (EMS), have someone drive you to the hospital right
away. If you're the one having symptoms, don't drive yourself, unless you have absolutely no other option.

Cardiac arrest strikes immediately and without warning.

Here are the signs:

Sudden loss of responsiveness. No response to gentle shaking.
No normal breathing. The victim does not take a normal breath when you check for several seconds.
No signs of circulation. No movement or coughing.
If cardiac arrest occurs, call 9-1-1 and begin CPR immediately. If an automated external defibrillator (AED)
is available and someone trained to use it is nearby, involve them.

Risk Factors and Coronary Heart Disease

Extensive clinical and statistical studies have identified several factors that increase the risk of coronary
heart disease and heart attack. Major risk factors are those that research has shown significantly increase
the risk of heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease. Other factors are associated with increased
risk of cardiovascular disease, but their significance and prevalence haven't yet been precisely
determined. They're called contributing risk factors.

The American Heart Association has identified several risk factors. Some of them can be modified,
treated or controlled, and some can't. The more risk factors you have, the greater your chance of
developing coronary heart disease. Also, the greater the level of each risk factor, the greater the risk. For
example, a person with a total cholesterol of 300 mg/dL has a greater risk than someone with a total
cholesterol of 245 mg/dL, even though everyone with a total cholesterol greater than 240 is considered high-risk.

What are the major risk factors that can't be changed?

Increasing age — Over 83 percent of people who die of coronary heart disease are 65 or older. At older
ages, women who have heart attacks are more likely than men are to die from them within a few weeks.

Male sex (gender) — Men have a greater risk of heart attack than women do, and they have attacks earlier
in life. Even after menopause, when women's death rate from heart disease increases, it's not as great as
men's.

Heredity (including Race) — Children of parents with heart disease are more likely to develop it
themselves. African Americans have more severe high blood pressure than Caucasians and a higher risk
of heart disease. Heart disease risk is also higher among Mexican Americans, American Indians, native
Hawaiians and some Asian Americans. This is partly due to higher rates of obesity and diabetes. Most
people with a strong family history of heart disease have one or more other risk factors. Just as you can't
control your age, sex and race, you can't control your family history. Therefore, it's even more important to
treat and control any other risk factors you have.

What are the major risk factors you can modify, treat or control by changing your lifestyle or taking medicine?

Tobacco smoke — Smokers' risk of developing coronary heart disease is 2–4 times that of nonsmokers.
Cigarette smoking is a powerful independent risk factor for sudden cardiac death in patients with coronary
heart disease; smokers have about twice the risk of nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking also acts with other
risk factors to greatly increase the risk for coronary heart disease. People who smoke cigars or pipes
seem to have a higher risk of death from coronary heart disease (and possibly stroke) but their risk isn't as
great as cigarette smokers'. Exposure to other people's smoke increases the risk of heart disease even
for nonsmokers.

High blood cholesterol — As blood cholesterol rises, so does risk of coronary heart disease. When other
risk factors (such as high blood pressure and tobacco smoke) are present, this risk increases even more.
A person's cholesterol level is also affected by age, sex, heredity and diet.

High blood pressure — High blood pressure increases the heart's workload, causing the heart to thicken
and become stiffer. It also increases your risk of stroke, heart attack, kidney failure and congestive heart
failure. When high blood pressure exists with obesity, smoking, high blood cholesterol levels or diabetes,
the risk of heart attack or stroke increases several times.

Physical inactivity — An inactive lifestyle is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Regular, moderate-to-
vigorous physical activity helps prevent heart and blood vessel disease. The more vigorous the activity, the
greater your benefits. However, even moderate-intensity activities help if done regularly and long term.
Exercise can help control blood cholesterol, diabetes and obesity, as well as help lower blood pressure in
some people.

Obesity and overweight — People who have excess body fat — especially if a lot of it is at the waist — are
more likely to develop heart disease and stroke even if they have no other risk factors. Excess weight
increases the heart's work. It also raises blood pressure and blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and
lowers HDL ("good") cholesterol levels. It can also make diabetes more likely to develop. Many obese and
overweight people may have difficulty losing weight. But by losing even as few as 10 pounds, you can
lower your heart disease risk.

Diabetes mellitus — Diabetes seriously increases your risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Even
when glucose levels are under control, diabetes increases the risk of heart disease and stroke, but the
risks are even greater if blood sugar is not well controlled. About three-quarters of people with diabetes
die of some form of heart or blood vessel disease. If you have diabetes, it's extremely important to work
with your healthcare provider to manage it and control any other risk factors you can.

What other factors contribute to heart disease risk?

Stress — Individual response to stress may be a contributing factor. Some scientists have noted a
relationship between coronary heart disease risk and stress in a person's life, their health behaviors and
socioeconomic status. These factors may affect established risk factors. For example, people under
stress may overeat, start smoking or smoke more than they otherwise would.

Alcohol — Drinking too much alcohol can raise blood pressure, cause heart failure and lead to stroke. It
can contribute to high triglycerides, cancer and other diseases, and produce irregular heartbeats. It
contributes to obesity, alcoholism, suicide and accidents. The risk of heart disease in people who drink
moderate amounts of alcohol (an average of one drink for women or two drinks for men per day) is lower
than in nondrinkers. One drink is defined as 1-1/2 fluid ounces (fl oz) of 80-proof spirits (such as bourbon,
Scotch, vodka, gin, etc.), 1 fl oz of 100-proof spirits, 4 fl oz of wine or 12 fl oz of beer. It's not recommended
that nondrinkers start using alcohol or that drinkers increase the amount they drink.

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